《The Internet》Discovering Useful Structures PPT教学课件

人教版高中英语必修二《The Internet》Discovering Useful Structures PPT教学课件，共29页。

Grammar

Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.

As we can see in the pairs of sentences，the object（主语） in an active sentence becomes the subject（宾语） in a passive sentence. Both sentence types convey a similar meaning，but they are slightly different. For example，in an active sentence，the subject is doing an action to an object，while in a passive sentence，the subject is having something done to it，and the doer of that action is not necessarily mentioned. Active sentences are used often，as they are more direct. Passive sentences are often used when the doer of an action is unknown，not important，or preferred not named.

单元语法

现在完成时的被动语态

1  构成

肯定式：have/has + been done

否定式：have/has not + been done

一般疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been done?

特殊疑问式：疑问词 + have/has（+ 主语）+ been done?

A lot of factories have been set up since last year.

自从去年以来，已经建立了许多工厂。

I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. Has it all been finished?

我看不见这碗柜里有咖啡。都喝完了吗？

2 用法

（1）表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，

通常与 already，yet，just，never，recently 等副词连用。

I got caught in the rain and my suit has been ruined. 我被雨淋了，衣服全毁了。

His brother has been fired by the company recently. 他弟弟最近被公司解雇了。

（2）表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，常与for 或 since 引出的时间

状语连用，或用于 how long 引出的句子中。

A great many machines have already been produced by the factory since the technological revolution. 自从技术革命以来，这家工厂已经生产了许多机器。

（3）用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

She will leave for the cinema as soon as the application form has been completed. 

申请表一填好，她就去看电影。 

Language points

1   function  n. & vi.

（1）n. ［C，U］n. 功能；作用；机能

搭配：perform a function 发挥功能；履行职责

the function of the heart 心脏的功能

In your new job you will perform a variety of functions.

在新的工作岗位上，你将要履行许多不同的职责。

（2）vi. 起作用；正常工作；运转

function as 起……作用，具有……功能

function well/normally 运转良好/ 正常

The sofa also functions as a bed. 这沙发还可当床用。

Flights in and out of Taipei are functioning normally again.进出台北的航班又恢复正常了。

2   confirm vt. 确认；使确信；批准

confirm that/wh-... 证实……

It has been confirmed that... 已经证实……

confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事

confirm sb. as sth. 任命某人担任某职位

What you have said confirms my prediction.你的话证实了我的预测。

It has been confirmed that people are more likely to get ill under pressure.

 已经证实，人们在压力下更容易生病。

The latest evidence confirmed us in his idea. 最新的证据证实了他的观点。

He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season.

他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的时间内担任队长。

【词语辨析】confirm与 prove

（1）confirm 和prove 均可作及物动词，后接宾语；

（2）prove 还可作连系动词用，意为“证明是，被发现是”，后接形容词或名词作表语，

常用固定搭配是prove（to be）+ adj. / n.。

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