《Cultural Heritage》Discovering Useful Structures PPT课件

人教版高中英语必修二《Cultural Heritage》Discovering Useful Structures PPT课件，共41页。

Grammar

Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.

After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem，and citizens who lived near the dam，the government turned to the United Nations for help.

Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece，and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.

定语从句

1 关系代词和关系副词

（1）关系代词

指人：who，whom，that

指物：that，which

whose=the+n. +of which/whom

The man who is speaking at the meeting is an expert.在会议上发言的是一个专家。

The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.他们想要拜访的那位女士是一个老师。

Football is a game which is loved by many boys.足球是许多男孩子喜欢的活动。

The book is intended for the students whose native language is not English. 

这本书是专门为母语不是英语的人设计的。

（2）关系副词

when=on/in/at/during which

where=in/on/at/to which　why=for which

This is the place where/in which I grew up. 这就是我长大的地方。

2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

（1）作用不同

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，不可去掉，否则主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充说明，可去掉，去掉后主句意思仍完整。

This is the best film（that）I have ever seen for years.

这是几年来我看过的最好的一部电影。

She lost the match，which depressed her greatly.她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。

（2）形式不同

限制性定语从句与主句不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。

（3）先行词不同

大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which 引导。

The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.

那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上也确实如此。

（4）关系词的使用情况不同

①that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。

②关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替，但whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。

③关系代词的省略情况不同：关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省略。

He changed his mind，which made me very angry.他改变了主意，这使我很生气。

3 关系代词只用 that 不用 which

（1）当先行词是 all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing 等不定代词时。

Humans should take responsibility for something that they have done to the animals. 

人类应该为他们对动物所做的事负责。

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西需要买吗？

（2）当先行词被 the only，the same，the very，the last，any，few，little，no，all 等限定词修饰时。

This is the very book that I want. 这正是我想要的那本书。

（3）当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。

（4）先行词既包括人又包括物时。

I can well remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 

我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

（5）当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？

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